Popular Games For Seniors
Written by webtechs

Favorite Games For Seniors

Games for seniors can be a great way to stay mentally active, socialize, and have fun. Here are some popular games that are well-suited for seniors:

Board Games

  1. Scrabble: A classic word game that helps with vocabulary and spelling.
  2. Chess: Enhances strategic thinking and problem-solving skills.
  3. Checkers: A simpler strategy game that’s easy to learn and play.
  4. Monopoly: A fun game that can also spark nostalgia.

Card Games

  1. Bridge: A popular game that encourages strategic thinking and social interaction.
  2. Canasta: A card game that’s easy to learn and great for social play.
  3. Rummy: Offers multiple variations and can be played with family and friends.
  4. Solitaire: A classic solo card game that helps with concentration and patience.

Puzzle Games

  1. Jigsaw Puzzles: Engaging and relaxing, puzzles can vary in difficulty and size.
  2. Crossword Puzzles: Great for mental stimulation and improving vocabulary.
  3. Sudoku: A number puzzle game that helps with logical thinking.

Digital and Online Games

  1. Brain Games Apps: Apps like Lumosity or Peak offer various cognitive challenges.
  2. Online Board Games: Many classic board games have online versions that can be played with family and friends remotely.
  3. Trivia Games: Games like QuizUp or Trivial Pursuit can be played online and are great for stimulating memory and knowledge.

Social and Interactive Games

  1. Bingo: Simple and fun, often used in social settings like senior centers.
  2. Pictionary: A drawing game that’s easy to adapt and can be played in teams.
  3. Charades: A lively game that encourages physical activity and creativity.

Physical Games

  1. Bowling: Indoor or outdoor bowling can be a fun and gentle exercise.
  2. Table Tennis: Great for improving hand-eye coordination and agility.
  3. Ring Toss: Simple and enjoyable, requiring minimal physical effort.

Creative Games

  1. Memory Games: Games designed to improve memory, such as matching pairs, can be enjoyable and beneficial.
  2. Crafting Games: Activities like making greeting cards or scrapbooking can be both fun and therapeutic.

Choosing games that match individual preferences and abilities is important for maximizing enjoyment and benefits. Engaging in these activities can help seniors stay mentally sharp, socially connected, and physically active.

Adapting Golf Rules for Seniors
Written by webtechs

Adapting Golf Rules for Seniors

Adapting golf for seniors involves making adjustments to the game to accommodate physical abilities, mobility challenges, and overall enjoyment. Here are some tips and adaptations that can make golf more accessible and enjoyable for seniors:

  1. Use Lightweight Clubs: Seniors should consider using clubs that are lightweight and easier to swing. Graphite shafts are often lighter than steel shafts and can reduce strain on joints.
  2. Use Senior-Friendly Golf Balls: Golf balls designed for seniors often have lower compression, which can help increase distance and reduce the effort required to hit the ball.
  3. Consider a Golf Cart: Walking the course can be challenging for seniors, especially those with mobility issues. Using a golf cart allows for easier navigation between holes and conserves energy for swinging.
  4. Modify Tee Positions: Tee boxes come in various distances. Seniors may find it more enjoyable to play from shorter tee positions to reduce the length of each hole.
  5. Practice Balance and Flexibility: Incorporate exercises to improve balance and flexibility, which are crucial for a stable and efficient golf swing. Stretching before and after playing can also help prevent injuries.
  6. Play Nine Holes: Instead of playing a full 18-hole round, consider playing nine holes. This reduces the time spent on the course and can be less physically demanding.
  7. Take Regular Breaks: Pace yourself during the game and take breaks as needed to rest and hydrate. This can help maintain energy levels and prevent fatigue.
  8. Play with a Partner: Playing with a partner or in a group can enhance the social aspect of golf and provide support during the game.
  9. Use Adaptive Equipment: There are various adaptive equipment options available, such as golf gloves with extra grip or golf clubs with larger heads for easier contact with the ball.
  10. Enjoy the Game: Focus on the enjoyment of playing golf rather than competitive performance. Adjusting expectations and embracing the experience can make golf more enjoyable for seniors.

By making these adaptations, seniors can continue to enjoy the physical activity, mental challenge, and social interaction that golf offers, while respecting their physical limitations and abilities.

Popular Games For Seniors
Written by webtechs

Why is Pickleball Popular With Seniors

Pickleball has gained popularity among seniors for several reasons:

  1. Ease of Learning: Pickleball is relatively easy to learn compared to other sports like tennis or racquetball. The rules are simpler, the court is smaller, and the ball moves slower, making it more accessible for older adults.
  2. Lower Impact: Pickleball is a low-impact sport, which reduces the strain on joints and muscles compared to higher-impact activities. This makes it suitable for seniors who may have joint issues or limited mobility.
  3. Social Aspect: Pickleball is often played in doubles, which fosters social interaction and camaraderie among players. It’s a social sport where players can enjoy friendly competition and build friendships.
  4. Fitness Benefits: Despite being low-impact, pickleball still offers fitness benefits such as improved cardiovascular health, coordination, and agility. It provides a moderate workout without being overly strenuous.
  5. Adaptability: Pickleball can be played indoors or outdoors, on various surfaces, and with modified rules to accommodate different skill levels and physical abilities. This adaptability makes it appealing to a wide range of seniors.
  6. Fun and Engaging: Many seniors find pickleball enjoyable due to its fast-paced nature and the challenge of strategy and skill development. It’s a sport that can be played casually for fun or competitively in tournaments.

Overall, pickleball’s blend of accessibility, social interaction, fitness benefits, and enjoyment has contributed to its popularity among seniors looking for a fun and engaging physical activity.

How to Play Pickleball

Playing pickleball is relatively easy to learn, especially if you have experience with sports like tennis, ping pong, or badminton. Here are the basic steps and rules to get started with pickleball:

Equipment Needed:

  1. Pickleball Paddle: Similar to a large ping pong paddle but made of wood, composite materials, or graphite.
  2. Pickleball: Similar to a wiffle ball but slightly smaller and with holes.
  3. Pickleball Court: Smaller than a tennis court, typically 20 feet wide and 44 feet long, with a net set at 36 inches at the sidelines and 34 inches at the center.
  4. Appropriate Footwear: Comfortable athletic shoes suitable for indoor or outdoor play.

How to Play Pickleball:

  1. Setup:
    • Pickleball can be played as singles (1 vs. 1) or doubles (2 vs. 2).
    • Start by determining who serves first through a coin toss or other agreed-upon method.
  2. Serve:
    • The serve must be made diagonally cross-court and land within the opposite diagonal court.
    • The server must keep at least one foot behind the back line (baseline) when serving.
    • The serve is underhand and must be below waist level.
  3. Return of Serve:
    • The receiving team must let the ball bounce once before returning it (the double bounce rule applies only at the start of the game).
    • After the ball has bounced once on each side, both teams can either volley the ball (hit it without letting it bounce) or play it off a bounce.
  4. Volleying:
    • Volleys (hitting the ball in the air before it bounces) must be made while the player’s feet are behind the non-volley zone (7 feet from the net).
    • Players cannot step into the non-volley zone to hit a volley.
  5. Scoring:
    • Points are scored only by the serving team.
    • Games are usually played to 11 points, and you must win by at least 2 points.
    • A typical match is best of three games.
  6. Rules:
    • The ball can only bounce once on each side before players must volley it.
    • Players must let the ball bounce once on their side at the start of the game.
    • The non-volley zone (kitchen) prohibits volleys.
  7. Winning the Game:
    • The first side to score 11 points and lead by at least 2 points wins the game.

Pickleball is a fun and engaging sport that combines elements of tennis, ping pong, and badminton. Its rules are designed to encourage rallies and fair play, making it accessible for players of all ages and skill levels.

Written by webtechs

Memory Care Costs 204

Here is a general overview of memory care costs in the United States:

  • The median monthly cost of memory care is $6,935.
  • The cost can range from as low as $3,000 per month to more than $12,000 per month.
  • In-home care can be less expensive than facility-based care, but it may not be appropriate for everyone.

The cost of memory care can vary greatly depending on a number of factors, including:

  • Level of care: The level of care needed will depend on the individual’s cognitive and physical abilities. Those who require more assistance with daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, and eating, will typically pay more.
  • Location: Memory care facilities in urban areas tend to be more expensive than those in rural areas.
  • Type of facility: There are different types of memory care facilities, such as assisted living facilities with dedicated memory care units, standalone memory care communities, and in-home care. Each type of facility has its own pricing structure.
  • Amenities and services: Some memory care facilities offer a variety of amenities and services, such as transportation, housekeeping, and laundry, which can add to the cost.

The following are some ways to pay for memory care:

  • Medicare
  • Medicaid
  • Life Insurance
  • Long-Term Care Insurance
  • Reverse Mortgages

Here’s a breakdown of potential costs and factors to consider:

1. Location:

  • Region: Memory care costs can vary widely by geographic location, with higher costs typically found in urban areas or regions with a higher cost of living.
  • Facility’s Location: Memory care facilities located in prestigious neighborhoods or with scenic views may command higher prices.

2. Level of Care Needed:

  • Assessment: Before moving into a memory care facility, individuals typically undergo an assessment to determine their level of care needs. Those with more advanced dementia or additional medical conditions may require higher levels of care, which can increase costs.
  • Staffing Ratios: Facilities with lower staff-to-resident ratios may provide more personalized care but may also have higher costs.

3. Amenities and Services:

  • Accommodations: Private rooms or suites typically cost more than shared accommodations.
  • Meals: Some facilities offer gourmet or specialized meal options, which may affect the cost.
  • Activities and Programs: Memory care facilities may offer specialized programs and activities designed to engage residents with dementia, such as memory-enhancing activities or sensory stimulation programs.

4. Additional Fees:

  • Move-in Fees: Some facilities charge a one-time move-in fee to cover administrative costs and facility preparation.
  • Medication Management: Additional fees may apply for medication management services.
  • Transportation: If transportation services are provided for medical appointments or outings, there may be associated fees.

Cost Estimates:

  • Average Range: Memory care costs can range from $3,000 to $7,000 or more per month, with some high-end facilities charging $10,000 or more per month.
  • Specific Factors: For example, memory care costs in urban areas or facilities with high-end amenities may be at the higher end of the spectrum, while facilities in rural areas or with fewer amenities may be more affordable.

Other Points to Consider

  • Insurance Coverage: Long-term care insurance or veterans’ benefits may help cover some of the costs of memory care.
  • Financial Assistance: Some states offer Medicaid waivers or other financial assistance programs to help offset the cost of long-term care for individuals with dementia.
  • Quality of Care: When evaluating memory care facilities, consider factors such as staff training, resident engagement, safety measures, and overall reputation in addition to cost.

Here are some tips for saving on memory care costs:

  • Shop around and compare prices.
  • Ask about discounts and financial assistance programs.
  • Consider in-home care if it is appropriate for your loved one.
  • Look for facilities that offer a variety of amenities and services included in the base price.

Canyon Winds is a Memory Care Facility in located in Mesa, Arizona

Canyon Winds is a beautiful memory care facility near Mesa, AZ. Needing to socialize with other residents becomes a vital part of many of our residents lives and Canyon Winds Independent Living Facility offers indoor spaces to support that require. If one of our resident needs assistance moving from their bed to a mobility scooter, Canyon Winds has staff that can help them.

Address: 2851 N. Boulder Canyon, Mesa, Arizona 85207

Phone: (480)-948-0700

Crafts For Seniors With Dementia
Written by webtechs

Craft Ideas For Seniors

Anyone who has Alzheimer’s or is suffering from dementia needs mental stimulation and social engagement. There are five crafts that are perfect for seniors living under these conditions. If you are searching online for “crafts for seniors with dementia” or “easy crafts for seniors with dementia,” then this post is for you!

Easy Crafts For Seniors With Dementia

The best way to set up activities for those with dementia is to make sure the craft does not have a right or a wrong way to accomplish the task. These activities are meant to be fun and satisfying; helping to improve self-esteem and confidence. In fact, some crafts may be the preferred alternative to medications used to curb depression or behavioral issues. It’s also important to play it safe. Safety is key with these crafts and/or activities for seniors with dementia. Stay clear of choking hazards or potentially dangerous movements or stretches. Below is a list of five great crafts for your loved ones.

1. Flower Arrangements

Creating flower arrangements is a terrific activity, especially for those who previously enjoyed this task earlier in life. Anyone who liked creating flower arrangements or putting together flower gardens will appreciate this craft idea. Let the senior in your life hop back in time and create some flower arrangements. All you need for this activity is a plastic vase and preferably some artificial flowers.

2. Keep A Beat

This may sound like a meaningless and somewhat boring task, but it has been proven to be very beneficial for seniors with memory issues. The best way to keep a beat to a song is by using some sort of homemade shaker. What can you use to construct a homemade shaker, though? Our suggestion is to fill a plastic container with pasta or dry beans. Staying with a music rhythm for several minutes will help sharpen focus.

3. Make A Scrapbook

Scrapbooking can be a tremendously satisfying activity for all ages. For seniors, it may be ideal to equip them with a small notebook, magazine or newspaper clips and a glue stick. From there, let the creative minds take over. Leave the arrangement and/or goal of the scrapbook up to them. Perhaps bringing an already completed scrapbook for reference would be a good idea.

4. Play Dough

Just like scrapbooking, play dough can be fun for everyone, especially seniors. They can relax and form clay into any shapes and sizes they desired. Make sure you have cookie cutters and a plethora of play dough handy. Adding in a few drops of essential oils can give the play dough a pleasant scent.

5. Sorting Through Coins

This is one last great activity. Sorting coins can be a very fun and productive task, at the same time. This could remind them of earlier in life when they had to manage finances or create a budget.

Read more about great crafts for seniors with dementia here.

Canyon Winds Retirement Offers Assisted Living in Mesa, Arizona

Canyon Winds Retirement is an assisted living facility in Mesa, Arizona. To schedule a tour of our assisted living facility, contact SLS Communities or for more information please call us today at 480-405-1129.

Popular Games For Seniors
Written by webtechs

Favorite Sports For Seniors

Here are some of the favorite sports for seniors:

  • Walking: It is a low-impact activity that is easy on the joints and can be done just about anywhere. It is also a great way to socialize and meet new people.
    Walking sport for seniors
  • Swimming: Swimming is another low-impact activity that is great for the cardiovascular system. It is also a good way to improve flexibility and range of motion.
    Swimming sport for seniors
  • Yoga: Yoga is a great way to improve flexibility, balance, and strength. It can also help to reduce stress and anxiety.
    Yoga sport for seniors
  • Tai Chi: Tai Chi is a gentle martial art that combines slow, flowing movements with meditation. It is a great way to improve balance, coordination, and flexibility.
    Tai Chi sport for seniors
  • Pickleball: Pickleball is a relatively new sport that is a cross between tennis, badminton, and table tennis. It is a great way to get some exercise and have some fun.
    Pickleball sport for seniors
  • Golf: Golf is a low-impact sport that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. It is a great way to get some exercise, fresh air, and sunshine.
    Golf sport for seniors
  • Dance: Dancing is a great way to improve balance, coordination, and flexibility. It can also be a lot of fun.
    Dance sport for seniors

These are just a few of the many sports that are popular among seniors. The best sport for you will depend on your individual interests and abilities.

Here are some additional factors to consider when choosing a sport for seniors:

  • The level of impact: Some sports are more high-impact than others, which can be hard on the joints. If you have any health concerns, talk to your doctor before starting a new sport.
  • The social aspect: Some sports are more social than others, which can be a great way to meet new people and make friends.
  • The location: If you live in a rural area, you may not have access to all the same sports as someone who lives in a city.
  • The cost: Some sports can be more expensive than others, so you’ll need to factor that in when making your decision.

No matter what sport you choose, make sure to start slowly and gradually increase your activity level. This will help you reduce your risk of injury and maximize your enjoyment.

mic

Bard may display inaccurate o

Retiring In Arizona Pros And Cons
Written by webtechs

Retiring In Arizona Advantages And Disadvantages

When retirement is right around the corner, Arizona is definitely a state you should consider for relocation. Its amount of beautiful, sunny days are unrivaled across the U.S. A rising economy, plus quality of healthcare continue to make Arizona a popular choice for retirees. If you are searching for “retiring in Arizona pros and cons,” this post is for you!

Arizona Pros

In addition to fewer tax burdens than other states, here are a few of the benefits associated with retiring in Arizona:

Most Sunny Days Possible

This is not a saying; this is a fact. Arizona has the most sunny days of any state, and this information is coming directly from the NOAA (The United States National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration). That’s right, even Florida, the sunshine state, receives less sun than Arizona. If you want to leave the dreary, cloudy days for more sunlight, then Arizona is the obvious number one choice.

Low Cost Of Living

Arizona is cheaper to live in than the average state, according to BestPlaces. Whether you are looking for a two-bedroom, one-bedroom or even a studio apartment, chances are you’ll pay less in Arizona. Combine the low cost of living with a booming economy and strong job market, and your financial future is more than secure in the valley of the sun. Plus, less money spent on a mortgage or rent means more money to spend on scenic trips and golf outings!

Premier Golf Destination

Oh, did we already mention golf? Well, there is a good reason for that. Arizona is one of the best places in the world, not just the U.S., for the avid golfer. With premier courses all across the valley, Arizona is a hot spot for a retirees’ most popular hobby. Scottsdale, AZ is home to the PGA’s Waste Management Open (played at TPC Scottsdale), and numerous other top-notch courses.

Beautiful Scenery

Arizona is home to breathtaking sunrises and sunsets each day. If you love the outdoors, Arizona offers a wide range of scenic hikes and trails. Sedona, AZ, located just two hours outside of Scottsdale, is world-renowned for its red rock beauty. Take the short and scenic drive up north for views that are truly unforgettable.

Arizona Cons

There are a few drawbacks to retiring in Arizona. Here is a short list:

Hotter Weather

Yes, you may be looking to escape cooler weather where you currently live. But, are you okay with hot (really hot) weather for the majority of the year? It’s one thing to call Arizona a second home during fall and winter, but the summer season can last a long time and frequently reaches triple digits on the thermometer. If it seems too hot, the Northern Arizona area may be perfect for you! The average July temperature in Flagstaff, AZ is a reasonable 82 degrees.

Higher Crime Rate Than Most States

According police reports submitted to the FBI, Arizona does, unfortunately, have a higher crime rate than most states. This means property tax rates will also be higher in the area. Luckily, there are many retirement communities that offer a safe environment for seniors year round. Take a look at some of the communities across the valley right here.

Tourism Increase

Lots of retirees love the idea of Arizona because it appears isolated and peaceful, compared to a lot of other states. The only drawback is during the fall to winter seasons when many northerners head to the valley as a second home. These people are lovingly referred to as “snowbirds” across Arizona. They will flock to the area during the colder seasons to escape frigid conditions and hit the many links in Arizona. At this time, you’ll certainly notice more traffic on the roads and in most public places.

Canyon Winds Retirement Offers Assisted Living in Mesa, Arizona

Canyon Winds Retirement is an assisted living facility in Mesa, Arizona. To schedule a tour of our assisted living facility, contact SLS Communities or for more information please call us today at 480-405-1129.

Written by webtechs

Memory Care Costs 2023

Memory Care Cost

The average cost of memory care is $3,848 a month with costs ranging from $2,500 to $5,195 in Mesa, AZ in 2023.

The average cost of memory care can range from $2,500 to $5,195 a month or more. Costs differ depending on area, amenities offered, and elderly care needs. While some services such as meals, medication control, and grouped activities are included, others will be optional. For instance, residents might have access to laundry services, meal outings, or beauty services, like haircuts or manicures, but those might be and added expense.

Memory care costs will differ depending on the community. Our Memory care communities offer 24-hour care, specialized staff, memory-improving activities and therapeutics, and secure settings. Memory care also offers meals, house-keeping, and help with assistance doing activities of day to day living, like bathing, dressing, and use of the bathroom. All this will add to the cost of memory care.

The following are some ways to pay for memory care:

  • Medicare
  • Medicaid
  • Life Insurance
  • Long-Term Care Insurance
  • Reverse Mortgages

Canyon Winds is a Memory Care Facility in located in Mesa, Arizona

Canyon Winds is a beautiful memory care facility near Mesa, AZ. Needing to socialize with other residents becomes a vital part of many of our residents lives and Canyon Winds Independent Living Facility offers indoor spaces to support that require. If one of our resident needs assistance moving from their bed to a mobility scooter, Canyon Winds has staff that can help them.

Address: 2851 N. Boulder Canyon, Mesa, Arizona 85207

Phone: (480)-948-0700

Popular Games For Seniors
Written by webtechs

Popular Games For Seniors

If you are searching for “games for seniors” or “physical games for seniors”, this article will detail three of the best activities for today’s active seniors!

Fun Games For Seniors

With a plethora of activities offered at assisted and independent living facilities, it may be difficult to pinpoint which game you like best. We have compiled a list of three games that seniors love, including:

  1. Bocce Ball
  2. Line Dancing
  3. Shuffleboard

Bocce Ball

Bocce ball’s history goes even further than that of shuffleboard! Dating as far back as 5200 B.C., English scientist, Sir Francis Petrial, discovered a painting of two children playing bocce ball in an ancient Egyptian tomb. The sport traveled all the way to Greece by 600 B.C. and eventually took center stage at the first Bocce Olympiad held in Athens in 1896. Bocce ball didn’t become popular in the U.S. until the 1980’s, but now it is enjoyed by all age groups, especially seniors all over the country.

Rules

  • Eight balls, plus a pallino (smallest ball), can be shared by 2, 4, 6 or 8 players on same court.
  • A random player starts by throwing the pallino and the first bocce ball onto the court.
  • This player is now deemed “inside” due to being the closest player to the pallino.
  • All players now throw their ball.
  • Closest player to the pallino is awarded one point.
  • Every one of the leader’s balls that are closer to the pallino than opponent’s balls earns another point.
  • Frame is over after all players have tossed their balls.
  • 13 points are awarded to the winner.

Health Benefits

  • Stress relief.
  • Mental stimulation.
  • Improves flexibility.

Line Dancing

Experts suggest everyone, including seniors, should get at least 30 minutes of daily aerobic exercise. So why not hit this goal while doing something fun? Consider participating in line dancing classes. Line dancing is great for the heart, involves constant exercise and will keep you in shape. If you are new to the dance world, don’t worry as line dancing is perfect for beginners.

Rules

  • Follow your dance instructor’s lead and have fun!

Health Benefits

  • Improves stamina, posture and balance.
  • Lowers stress.
  • Lowers risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and osteoporosis.

Shuffleboard

Shuffleboard

The origins of this sport go all the way back to the 15th century. Shuffleboard was actually first popularized in English pubs. While the game has constantly changed throughout the years, the rules have generally remained the same. For seniors, this is a great outdoor activity, which puts an emphasis on socializing. Outdoor and indoor versions of this game can vary, but the objectives do not change. Shuffleboard requires more strategy than strength, so it’s a great game to keep your mind sharp!

Rules

  • Each player slides their four weights across the opponent’s board, alternating turns.
  • Try to slide your weights into the highest available scoring area.
  • You can knock off opponent’s weights or use them to protect your score.
  • A player wins when reaching a score of 15 first.
  • Some tournaments can make 21 the winning score.

Health Benefits

  • Reduces stress.
  • Increases heart rate.
  • Workout for several muscle groups.
  • Constant mental stimulation.
Written by webtechs

Memory Care Costs 2022

Memory Care Cost

The average cost of memory care is $3,848 a month with costs ranging from $2,500 to $5,195 in Mesa, AZ in 2022.

The average cost of memory care can range from $2,500 to $5,195 a month or more. Costs differ depending on area, amenities offered, and elderly care needs. While some services such as meals, medication control, and grouped activities are included, others will be optional. For instance, residents might have access to laundry services, meal outings, or beauty services, like haircuts or manicures, but those might be and added expense.

Memory care costs will differ depending on the community. Our Memory care communities offer 24-hour care, specialized staff, memory-improving activities and therapeutics, and secure settings. Memory care also offers meals, house-keeping, and help with assistance doing activities of day to day living, like bathing, dressing, and use of the bathroom. All this will add to the cost of memory care.

The following are some ways to pay for memory care:

  • Medicare
  • Medicaid
  • Life Insurance
  • Long-Term Care Insurance
  • Reverse Mortgages

Canyon Winds is a Memory Care Facility in located in Mesa, Arizona

Canyon Winds is a beautiful memory care facility near Mesa, AZ. Needing to socialize with other residents becomes a vital part of many of our residents lives and Canyon Winds Independent Living Facility offers indoor spaces to support that require. If one of our resident needs assistance moving from their bed to a mobility scooter, Canyon Winds has staff that can help them.

Address: 2851 N. Boulder Canyon, Mesa, Arizona 85207

Phone: (480)-948-0700

1 2 3